THE DEFINITION OF RABBI MOSHE CHALM LUZZATO (THE RAMCHAL)
Rabbi
Moshe Chaim Luzzato defines the worlds of creation, formation and making as
follows — Emanation is the totality of the Creator’s forces, deriving
from His limited ratzon, i.e., the sefirot in all their details and the totality
of Divinity. These are the powers of control, and there is nothing more contained
in the world of emanation. In the worlds of creation, formation and making there
are two elements: (a) messengers acting to fulfill the commandments of the
Creator, Blessed be He, and (b) illuminations watching over those messengers.
These illuminations supervise and control the messengers
—souls, angels and similar beings just as the soul guides
man's body.
The introduction of the spiritual forces nefesh,
ruach and neshama in the worlds of creation, formation and
making is dependent on the recipients of this introduction. Therefore, the
introduction that comes to the world of making is inferior to the introduction
that comes to formation since the recipients in the world of making are inferior
to those in the world of formation. So it is in the other worlds.*
* The
following is a quotation from the “Maamar Ha’ikarim” of Rabbi Moshe Chaim
Luzzato in which he explains spiritual forces:
Just as the Lord, may He be blessed, in His infinite ability,
created physical realities which our eyes perceive, so too He created realities
superior to those, unfelt and unsensed by our senses. Just as he endowed these
physical realities with unique boundaries and laws, so too he gave other laws to these superior realities,
according to the decree of His wisdom.
Know that just as
there are different types of physical bodies whose unique laws vary according
to type, so too in spiritual beings there
are many types, all of a superior nature and each with its own laws. There is
one general rule in the entire spiritual category: the subject and its limitations
are incomprehensible to us (meaning, we are unable to grasp their spiritual
essence), but we know of their existence and some of their subjects according
to what the prophets and Sages passed down to us.
There
are three types in this (spiritual) category. The first
is termed ‘the transcendent powers’, the second ‘angels,’ and the third ‘souls.’
Transcendent forces are pure and lofty spiritual, incorporeal beings. They are
closest to the Divine Presence, which constantly dwells upon them. They are
named according to their levels: the wheels of the throne, the ofanim, etc.
Angels are spiritual beings created to perform the tasks
of the Creator, may He be blessed, according to His wishes. Each one is appointed
over the matter which the Supreme ratzon assigned it. There are, among them, various levels, one
above the other, and each level has its own laws and limits according to what
Supreme Wisdom deems appropriate.
Souls are those spiritualities which ultimately will enter
and join with bodies connecting with them. They, too, possess their particular
laws according to their subjects and situations. This means that souls face
varied situations.
They
have a reality in and out of the body. There are two kinds of reality outside
of the body, one prior to having been in the body and one after having already
been in it (i.e.,
after man's death). The latter are limited by these situations and made subject to
various,
and changing events, each according to its situation.
All angels are His servants, and followers of His word, may He be blessed, and
all things in the world are accomplished through them, whether good or evil.
In this respect, they are divided into two classes: the good and the evil. This
means that those appointed over good deal with good, whether physical or spiritual.
Those appointed over physical or spiritual evil are called angels of destruction
and demons.
There is nothing in the lower world, whether object or event, for which there
is not some matter above in the transcendental forces. Neither is there anything
below which does not have a class of angels appointed over it, guiding and innovating issues or
events, according to what the Lord, may He be blessed, decrees. The upper beings’
effect on material things is called Hashpa’a (while the result is physical or spiritual abundance).
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